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What Science Says About Goal Setting in Sport

A comprehensive meta-analysis published in the International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology analyzed decades of research to answer one question:

What types of goals actually improve athletic performance?


The findings were definitive:

Process Goals = 136% improvement

Performance Goals = 44% improvement

Outcome Goals = 9% improvement

Process goals had the largest effect on performance compared to performance goals and outcome goals.


Translation for coaches:

An athlete focused on "executing my pre-performance routine" will vastly outperform an athlete focused solely on "winning the game."

The Problem With Traditional Goal Setting

Most programs teach athletes to set outcome goals:

  • "Win conference"
  • "Make playoffs"
  • "Beat our rival"
  • "Earn a scholarship"

The problem? Athletes can't fully control these outcomes.


What happens:

✗ Increased anxiety before competition

✗ Focus on things outside their control

✗ Inconsistent performance under pressure

✗ Loss of confidence when outcomes don't materialize


Meanwhile, the competition is focused on what they CAN control.

Process goals focus on:

  • Daily technical improvements
  • Mental preparation routines
  • Controllable actions and behaviors

What athletes experience:

✓ 136% performance improvement

✓ 111% increase in self-confidence

✓ Reduced pre-competition anxiety

✓ More consistent execution under pressure


The difference:


OUTCOME FOCUS: "I want to win the championship" → High anxiety, low control, inconsistent performance

PROCESS FOCUS: "I will execute my technique checklist before every at-bat" → Low anxiety, high control, consistent performance

Why Most Programs Struggle

You know process matters. You teach it every day in practice.


But here's the challenge:



Your athletes don't have a daily system for:

  • Setting clear process goals
  • Tracking execution
  • Reflecting on what's working
  • Holding themselves accountable

So they default to outcome thinking.

"Did we win?" instead of "Did I execute my process?"


Championship programs don't leave this to chance.

They build systematic approaches to process focus.

How it works:


GOALS - Daily Process Goal Setting

  • Athletes identify specific, controllable actions
  • Not "win the game" but "execute my pre-performance routine"
  • Not "make varsity" but "complete my speed work 4x this week"

ATTITUDES - Mental Toughness Development

  • Daily reflection on mindset and self-talk
  • Preparation for pressure situations
  • Building confidence through process execution

STANDARDS - Team Accountability

  • Non-negotiable commitments
  • Shared language around excellence
  • Self-accountability without constant coach oversight

10 minutes a day. Championship results.

Results From Teams Using G.A.S




Teams report:

✓ More consistent practice-to-competition performance

✓ Athletes taking ownership of their development

✓ Reduced pre-game anxiety

✓ Stronger team culture around shared standards

✓ Better mental preparation for pressure situations

Get Your Entire Team Focused On Process

Starter Team Package - $450

  • 15 G.A.S notebooks
  • Team goal-setting workshop
  • Coach implementation guide
  • Digital resources

Full Roster Package - $600 (Most Popular)

  • 20 G.A.S notebooks
  • 2 FREE coach notebooks
  • Team goal-setting workshop
  • Coach implementation guide
  • Digital resources

Large Program Package - $1350

  • 50 G.A.S notebooks
  • 5 FREE coach notebooks
  • Custom team branding available
  • Team goal-setting workshop
  • Coach implementation guide
  • Digital resources

We Don't Just Give You Notebooks—We Help You Implement

Every team package includes:

Coach Implementation Guide - How to launch G.A.S with your team

Team Goal-Setting Workshop - Digital training on process goal frameworks

Launch Templates - Team meeting scripts and athlete handouts

Ongoing Support - Email/phone support for questions


You're not alone in this implementation.

Give Your Team The Process Advantage

Used by championship programs. Backed by research analyzing 17,841 studies. Built for coaches who are serious about excellence.

The research is clear: Process-focused teams outperform outcome-focused teams.



The question: Does your program have a daily system for building this focus?